A step-by-step guide to specifying automated electric gates

When specifying automated gates for residential, commercial, or industrial properties, each project presents its own unique challenges and demands a customised solution. As an architect, you’re not just selecting the right gate type, but also ensuring that it integrates with the site layout, functionality, and safety requirements. This guide will walk you through the essential considerations for specifying automated gates in New Zealand, so you can go ahead and specify with confidence.

1)    Site layout and location

The best starting point is understanding any physical limitations on the site, as this is one factor that’s either fixed or expensive to change. The gradient of the land and the area available for the arc of the gate will influence which gate styles are most appropriate. A swing gate, for example, opens in front of the opening and needs plenty of level room to swing open into, while a sliding gate requires no room in front of the gate opening, but does require room to slide into as the gate opens.

The location of the site is also important, with environmental factors such as high winds affecting the choice of gate type. Sliding gates that allow airflow in areas at risk of high winds are preferable over gates with cladding.

2)     Purpose of gate

Residential, commercial and industrial gates will have different requirements and, therefore, influence gate and motor choices. Residential gates prioritise quieter, more efficient openings, and an aesthetic that suits the property. A gate providing security may need heavier, more robust construction, therefore a motor that supports a larger gate and a heavy-duty cycle.

3)     Gate type - pros and cons

Automatic gates are primarily one of the following types:

• Swing gates

• Sliding gates

• Cantilever gates

• Bi-folding gates

• Telescopic gates

• 90-degree corner sliding gates 

Swing gates offer a classic aesthetic but require ample room to operate, which can be a limitation in space-constrained environments. They are slower to open and may complicate access control for vehicles.

Sliding gates are faster and more space-efficient, especially on properties with narrow or sloped driveways. However, they need sufficient lateral space and a flat track surface, which may require regular maintenance in high-traffic areas.

Cantilever gates function similarly to sliding gates but are trackless, making them ideal for uneven surfaces like gravel or crushed rock. However, they require extra space on either side to accommodate the sliding mechanism.

Bi-Fold gates offer a space-saving solution by folding as they open. These gates work well in tight spaces or on sloped driveways, but the design can be more complex and may require additional hardware.

Telescopic gates are another sliding gate variant, composed of multiple panels that slide over one another. They’re ideal for properties with limited space and can handle openings of up to 8 metres in width.

90 degree corner sliding gates are constructed from a series of panels and can turn a 90-degree corner and return along walls that are perpendicular to the gate opening. They are suited for properties where traditional swing or sliding gates aren’t feasible. 

4)     Gate Motors

Gate motors by type
Specifying the right motor is as important as choosing the right gate. Factors to consider include the gate’s weight, duty cycle, noise restrictions, speed, and power availability. 

Sliding gate motors

• Sliding gate motors are designed for use on electric gates which slide horizontally like sliding & cantilever gates. These motors can be either 24v or 230v, depending on the size of the gate and the usage. The sliding gate motor should be selected according to the usage and weight of the gate it needs to move. Sliding gate motors range from 400kg options for lighter residential gates, up to 4000kg for heavy industrial gates.

Swing gate motors

• Linear arm actuators and articulated arm motors are commonly used for inward or outward opening gates, respectively. Underground motors, which are hidden and more aesthetically pleasing, are preferred for new installations as it can be difficult to retrofit them.

Barrier gates

• Barrier gates are designed for commercial and industrial sites that require traffic management and a device that opens very quickly. The motor and barrier arm are a single unit and provide a fast opening time.

5)    Meeting safety recommendations

Automated gates offer convenience and security, but also pose potential safety risks if not properly designed, installed, or maintained. When specifying automated gates, you should consider:

• Safety sensors, manual release systems, and force limitation devices to prevent accidents, ensure safe operation, and allow emergency access during power failures or malfunctions.

• Preventing pedestrian access near motorised gates by providing separate walkways.

• Including backup power sources for gates that need to operate during power failures, ensuring both security and access.

All automated gates should be installed by certified professionals, with electrical connections handled by licensed electricians.

6) Access Control

Access control systems are essential for securing automated gates, and the choice of system depends on the security level and user access requirements. It’s important to consider the control system when specifying the gate. This determines how users interact with the gate, influences security, accessibility, and convenience, and ensures the system integrates with other security or access features.

• Keypads, remotes, and biometric systems are popular access options. Keypads are ideal for shared or easy-to-manage access, remotes for convenience and personal control, and biometric systems for heightened security and unauthorised access prevention. The choice depends on the level of security, user convenience, and the number of people needing access.

• Control equipment should be positioned at least 1.5 meters from the gate to avoid potential hazards such as trapping hands or fingers when the gate starts moving, and ensuring users cannot reach through the gate to operate the system.

Expert Assistance

The team at Urban Group are passionate experts when it comes to automated gates and fencing. We understand the complexities involved in specifying automated gates, from gate styles to motors and access control, our team of experts is here to support you in specifying the perfect solution for your project. If you would like to tap into our in-house technical assistance to build out a specification for a project, please get in touch. We’d love to help.